Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Our practice is among the top five in the nation in robotic/minimally- invasive pelvic reconstructive surgery.

Our physicians lead the region in minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.


Prolapse Conditions 

Bladder Prolapse

Normally a ‘hammock’ (a layer of connective tissue) between the bladder and the vagina supports the bladder. When it stretches or tears, the bladder bulges or presses into the vagina. Patients may notice vaginal pressure or pulling. If the bladder drops very low, you may have to ‘push’ the bladder back up to be able to urinate.

When the ‘hammock’ is just torn, we can sew it back together with stitches. If it is very weak and damaged, we may use a graft to replace it. Generally this surgery is not very painful, though you will have some discomfort.

Vaginal Suspension

Normally, ligaments hold the vagina up in normal position. If these ligaments stretch or break, the top of the vagina will begin to drop. Sometimes, some of the intestines are pulled down with it, called an ‘enterocele’ or ‘bowel-hernia’. You may feel a bulge in the vagina, and feel a vaginal ache.

Vaginal suspension surgery reattaches the vagina to the ligaments meant to hold the vagina up. Sometimes we have to push the intestines up and out of the way, and stitch them back in place so they don’t drop down again.

If the ligaments that hold the vagina up are very weak, we use a different ligament (the sacrospinous-ligament) near the buttock muscles to hold the vagina up instead.

Dropped Uterus

Your uterus can drop after vaginal childbirth if the normal ligaments supporting the uterus stretch or tear. A vaginal hysterectomy can be done to remove the uterus and cervix through the vagina. Once the uterus is removed, we use additional stitches to support the top of the vagina, preventing it from dropping again.

Bulging Rectum

The rectum lies underneath the vagina. Normally there is a layer/‘hammock’ (we call it ‘fascia’) between the vagina and the rectum that keeps the rectum flat. When this ‘hammock’ tears or stretches, then the rectum ‘pouches’ or ‘bulges’ into the vagina. You may notice this as a ‘bulge’ in the vagina that you see or feel when you wipe with the toilet paper. Or you may have a tough time getting the stool out during a bowel movement. You may feel as if the stool gets ‘stuck’ in the rectum. You may need to press and push with your hand to get the stool out.

Surgery attempts to restore that ‘hammock’. Sometimes if the ‘hammock’/tissue is just torn, we can sew it back together with stitches. Sometimes if the ‘hammock’/tissue is very weak and damaged, we substitute it with a graft and essentially replace your hammock.

The way we do the surgery is to make an incision (make a cut) in the lining of the vagina above the rectum. We find the torn edges of your hammock and sew them back together. We then sew the vaginal lining back together. If your ‘hammock’ is very weak and poor quality then we may place a graft between the rectum and vagina. We then sew the vaginal edges closed again so that the graft is completely covered. Usually the graft is anchored to the muscles of the pelvic floor.


Laparoscopic and Robotic Prolapse Surgery

We routinely use robotic surgery to treat uterine or bladder prolapse with a highly-effective procedure called abdominal sacral colpopexy.

The robot makes the procedure easier to perform and avoids the need for an abdominal incision. Our surgeons undertake extensive coursework and training and go through an exacting credentialing process before using this robotic system.

Bladder leakage in women is common, but very treatable

If you’re experiencing bladder leakage, urgency or difficulty holding urine, you’re not alone. Many women experience urinary incontinence at different stages of life, especially after pregnancy, childbirth or menopause.

While it can feel frustrating or even embarrassing, it’s also very treatable. With the right care, many women see real improvement and feel more confident getting back to their daily routines.

Start a virtual visit

Want to be seen in person? We’ll help you schedule an appointment.

Request a callback


What causes urinary incontinence in women?

Urinary incontinence in women is often linked to changes in the muscles and tissues that support the bladder. These changes can happen naturally over time or after certain life events, and they’re more common than you might think.

Some of the most common causes include:

  • Pregnancy and childbirth, which can weaken pelvic floor support
  • Hormonal changes during menopause, which affects bladder control
  • Pelvic organ prolapse, when the bladder shifts out of position
  • Bladder irritation from caffeine, smoking or certain foods
  • Nerve-related conditions that affect how the bladder signals when it’s time to go

These changes can impact how your bladder stores and releases urine, but the good news is that effective treatment options are available.

Treatment options for women

Your treatment plan will depend on your symptoms, daily routine and the cause of your urinary incontinence. We focus on starting with simple and effective options, and adjusting your treatment as needed.

Common treatments include:

  • Pelvic floor therapy, to strengthen and retrain muscles that support bladder control
  • Bladder training and behavioral strategies, to reduce urgency and frequent trips to the bathroom
  • Medications, to help relax the bladder or improve control
  • Vaginal support devices (pessaries), which provide added support during daily activities
  • Minimally invasive treatments, like Botox or nerve stimulation
  • Surgical procedures

Many women benefit from a combination of treatments tailored to their needs.

When surgery may be an option

For some women, especially those with stress urinary incontinence, surgery may be recommended if other treatments haven’t provided enough relief.

Options may include:

  • Sling procedures, which support the urethra and help prevent leaks
  • Urethral bulking injections, to improve bladder control
  • Nerve stimulation therapies, for certain bladder signaling issues

Surgery is typically not the first step. Your care team will walk you through all your options and help you decide what feels right for you.

Back to Top

Meet our Pelvic Organ Prolapse Specialists:

Brad St. Martin

4.9

Urogynecology

Medical Group Tallwood Urology & Kidney Institute - Pelvic Health
Norwich, CT 06360
More Locations
Hartford, CT 06106
Waterford, CT 06385
Christine LaSala

5.0

Urogynecology

Medical Group Tallwood Urology & Kidney Institute - Pelvic Health - Avon
Avon, CT 06001
More Locations
Plainville, CT 06062
Hartford, CT 06106
Elena Tunitsky-Bitton

4.9

Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery

Medical Group Hartford HealthCare Medical Group at Hartford Hospital Department of Urogynecology
Hartford, CT 06106
More Locations
Avon, CT 06001
Adam Steinberg

5.0

Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery

Medical Group Hartford HealthCare Medical Group at Hartford Hospital Department of Urogynecology
Hartford, CT 06106
Paul Tulikangas

5.0

Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery

Medical Group Hartford HealthCare Medical Group at Hartford Hospital Department of Urogynecology
Hartford, CT 06106
More Locations
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Richard Kershen

4.8

Urology

Medical Group Tallwood Urology & Kidney Institute
West Hartford, CT 06107
Dmitry Volkin

4.8

Urology

Medical Group Tallwood Urology & Kidney Institute
Waterford, CT 06385
Anna Dukhovich

 

Urogynecology

Medical Group Tallwood Urology & Kidney Institute - Urogynecology
Milford, CT 06461
More Locations
Wilton, CT 06897

Tallwood Urology & Kidney Institute